RuuviTag Sensor Package Developer Notes

Notes for developers who are interested in developing RuuviTag Sensor package or interested in it's internal functionality.

Getting started

Clone the repository
Create virtualenv and activate it

$ python -m venv .venv
$ source .venv/bin/activate

Install required dependencies

$ python -m pip install -e .[dev]

If virtualenv and/or pip are not installed, follow installation instructions show in the terminal.

Test that application works

$ sudo python ruuvitag_sensor --help

If there is an error:

ERROR: File "setup.py" not found. Directory cannot be installed in editable mode

Upgrade pip as recommended.

Linting

Install required dependencies

$ python -m pip install -e .[dev]
# on zsh, escape square brackets
$ python -m pip install -e .\[dev\]

Flake8

$ flake8

Pylint

$ pylint ./ruuvitag_sensor/

mypy

$ mypy ./ruuvitag_sensor/

Formatting

isort

$ isort .

black

$ black

Project files

adapters/
- bleak_ble.py
  - Bluetooth LE communication (Bleak)
- bleson.py
  - Bluetooth LE communication (Bleson)
- development/
  - dev_bleak_scanner.py
    - Bleak Bluetooth LE scanner for development use
- dummy.py
  - Emulate Bluetooth LE communication (hard coded values)
- __init__.py
  - Bluetooth LE communication abstract base classes
- nix_hci.py
  - Bluetooth LE communication (BlueZ)
- nix_hci_file.py
  - Emulate Bluetooth LE communication (file)
data_formats.py
- Data format decision logic and raw data encoding
decoder.py
- Decode encoded data to readable dictionary
log.py
- Module level logging
ruuvi_rx.py
- RuuviTagReactive-class
  - Reactive wrapper and background process for RuuviTagSensor get_data
ruuvi.py
- RuuviTagSensor-class
  - Main communication logic
  - This is the class mainly used
ruuvitag.py
- RuuviTag Sensors object
  - Helper class to be used to handle a single RuuviTag and its state.

Update RuuviTag firmware and change modes

Download firmware from https://lab.ruuvi.com/dfu
Hold down B and press R (red light will turn on)
Open nRF Connect (Android) and connect to correct ruuvitag
Select DFU icon and choose firmware's zip package
Choose mode by pressing B

Nowadays the firmware can also be updated with the Ruuvi Station app which is available for Android and iOS.

BlueZ commands used by RuuviTag package

Reset Bluetooth device:

$ sudo hciconfig hci0 reset

Scan Bluetooth devices:

$ sudo hcitool lescan2 --duplicates --passive

Get broadcasted data:

$ sudo hcidump --raw

NOTE: Scanning must be active in order to get broadcasted data.

Other useful commands

List Bluetooth devices

$ hcitool dev

List processes containing hci in order to find BLE scanning subprocesses

$ ps aux | grep hci

Example data from different firmwares and data formats

Kickstarter FW

{'data_format': 2, 'temperature': 24.0, 'humidity': 42.0, 'pressure': 1009.0, 'identifier': None}

1.0.1 URL-mode

{'data_format': 4, 'temperature': 26.0, 'humidity': 36.0, 'pressure': 1007.0, 'identifier': 'd'}

1.0.1 RAW-mode

{'data_format': 3, 'humidity': 58.0, 'temperature': 24.56, 'pressure': 1009.11, 'acceleration': 1019.803902718557, 'acceleration_x': 344, 'acceleration_y': -8, 'acceleration_z': 960, 'battery': 3283}

1.2.12 URL-mode

{'data_format': 4, 'temperature': 25.0, 'humidity': 62.0, 'pressure': 1009.0, 'identifier': 'w'}

1.2.12 RAW-mode

{'data_format': 3, 'humidity': 45.5, 'temperature': 25.0, 'pressure': 1008.59, 'acceleration': 1055.12558494238, 'acceleration_x': -11, 'acceleration_y': 12, 'acceleration_z': 1055, 'battery': 3259}

2.4.2 RAW-mode

{'data_format': 3, 'humidity': 46.5, 'temperature': 24.81, 'pressure': 1009.93, 'acceleration': 989.23809065361, 'acceleration_x': -48, 'acceleration_y': -12, 'acceleration_z': 988, 'battery': 3175}

2.4.2 RAW v2-mode

{'data_format': 5, 'humidity': 44.88, 'temperature': 25.2, 'pressure': 1008.69, 'acceleration': 1034.3616388865164, 'acceleration_x': -64, 'acceleration_y': 28, 'acceleration_z': 1032, 'tx_power': 4, 'battery': 3199, 'movement_counter': 209, 'measurement_sequence_number': 30638, 'mac': 'e62eb92e73e5', 'rssi': -55}

BLE Broadcast data from RuuviTags

BlueZ

Example data from hcidump:

> 04 3E 2B 02 01 03 01 C4 C4 37 D3 1E D0 1F 02 01 06 03 03 AA

  FE 17 16 AA FE 10 F6 03 72 75 75 2E 76 69 2F 23 42 47 51 59

  41 4D 71 38 77 98

> 04 3E 25 02 01 03 01 F2 7A 52 FA D4 CD 19 02 01 04 15 FF 99

  04 03 63 18 22 CA 54 FF EC 00 0C 04 0C 0C B5 00 00 00 00 99

Example data has 2 broadcasts where '> ' from the beginning and empty spaced are removed:

043E2B02010301C4C437D31ED01F0201060303AAFE176AAFE10F6037275752E76692F2342475159414D71387798

043E2502010301F27A52FAD4CD1902010415FF9904036C180ECA60FC9CFE6801280C91000000009E

Data is a hex string.

Data contains 3 parts: unknown, mac and payload

TODO: What is unknown part?
MAC is revesed in the data
Payload is actual sensor data

First data where parts are separated by _:

043E2B02010301C4_C437D31ED0_1F0201060303AAFE176AAFE10F6037275752E76692F2342475159414D71387798O

MAC = D0:1E:D3:37:C4:C4
PAYLOAD = 1F0201060303AAFE1716AAFE10F6037275752E76692F2342475159414D71387798

Second data:

043E2502010301_F27A52FAD4CD_1902010415FF9904036C180ECA60FC9CFE6801280C91000000009E

MAC = CD:D4:FA:52:7A:F2
PAYLOAD = 1902010415FF990403631822CA54FFEC000C040C0CB50000000099

This handling is done in ble_communication.py.

Data format specific handling is in data_formats.py.

Data format can be parsed from the payload.

Data format 3 and 5 have Manufacturer Specific Data (FF) / Ruuvi Innovations ltd (9904) / Format 3|5 (03|05)

Data format 3: FF990403
Data format 5: FF990405

Data format 2 and 4 encode raw data and look for ruu.vi/# string from the encoded data.

Bleson

TODO: Add examples

Bleson send data in bytes object.

Bleson processes internally MAC to an own property, so byte data contains only the payload part of RuuviTag data.

NOTE: Manufacturer Specific Data (FF) is missing from the payload. It is added in the code before deciding the correct data format. This way most of the functions from BlueZ version work with the Bleson version.

Bytes is converted to a hex string before data format specific handling.

Application flow

Get data from Bluetooth device (BleCommunicationNix.get_data)

BleCommunicationNix.get_data
 Start BLE processes
   Reset BLE device (hciconfig hci0 reset)
   Start scanning (hcitool lescan2 --duplicates --passive)
   Start hcidump (hcidump --raw)
 While new data from hcidump
   Get data from hcidump
     While not new line (>)
       Append data
     Yield data
   Parse Mac from data
   If Mac in blacklist
     Continue
   Yield Mac and payload part from data
 Stop BLE processes
   Stop hcitool
   Stop hcidump

TODO: Application flow for Bleson

RuuviTagSensor._get_ruuvitag_data

RuuviTagSensor._get_ruuvitag_data
 While data from BleCommunicationNix.get_data
   If timeout
     Break
   If runflag set to stopped
     Break
   If whitelist in use and data's Mac not in whitelist
     Continue
   Get data_format and encoded data from data
   If data_format not null
     Use correct data format decoder to decode encoded data
     If decoded data not null
       Yield decoded data
     Else
        Log error
   Else
     Blacklist Mac

RuuviTagSensor.get_data

RuuviTagSensor._get_ruuvitag_data
 While data from RuuviTagSensor._get_ruuvitag_data
   Execute callback with data

Executing Unit Tests

Run with pytest:

$ python -m pip install -e .[dev]
$ pytest

Execute single test:

$ pytest tests/test_ruuvitag_sensor.py -k 'test_tag_update_is_valid'

Show print statements on console:

$ pytest --show-capture all

Or use e.g. VS Code to execute and debug tests.

Exeuting Verification Test

Verification test script executes a set of tests on active RuuviTags. Tests require at least one active RuuviTag and Python 3.x.

$ chmod +x verification.sh
$ sudo ./verification.sh

Run verification for the package from PyPI:

$ sudo ./verification.sh pypi

Run long duration tests

Test will create new BLE scanning subprocesses on each get_data_for_sensors-method call (approximately every 5 seconds)

from datetime import datetime
from ruuvitag_sensor.ruuvi import RuuviTagSensor

import ruuvitag_sensor.log

ruuvitag_sensor.log.enable_console()

macs = []

while True:
   data = RuuviTagSensor.get_data_for_sensors(macs, search_duratio_sec=5)
   print(datetime.utcnow().isoformat())
   print(data)

Create new connections with 1 minute interval

# Use sleep from time to pause the execution
import time
# Add after print(data)
time.sleep(60)

Normal scanning function is good for running normal long duration tests without abusing BLE scanning process as it will just initialize the connection once in the beginning

$ sudo python ruuvitag_sensor -s

Randomly create bad BLE broadcast data

Add to ble_communication.py:

import random

Replace from BleCommunicationNix get_data-method

data = line[26:]
# with this line
data = line[26:] if random.randint(1,10) != 10 else line[25:] + 'not_valid'

Error cases

Error from command hciconfig hci0 reset

Can't init device hci0: Operation not possible due to RF-kill (132)

Fix:

$ rfkill unblock all

Error from command hcitool lescan --duplicates

Set scan parameters failed: Input/output error

Fix:

$ hciconfig hci0 reset

Release a new version

Build release

https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/tutorials/packaging-projects/#generating-distribution-archives

$ python -m build

Test in testpypi

Upload to test PyPI to verify that descriptions etc. are correct

https://test.pypi.org/project/ruuvitag-sensor/

https://twine.readthedocs.io/en/stable/#using-twine

$ twine upload -r testpypi dist/*

Release a new version

Update version and push to master (example).
Update Tags

$ git tag x.x.x
$ git push origin --tags

Upload new version to PyPI

$ twine upload dist/*

Update documentation

Install docsify

$ npm install -g docsify

Copy README.md to docs-folder and replace window.$docsify from docs/index.html with

window.$docsify = {
      name: '',
      repo: ''
    }

Start docsify server

$ docsify serve ./docs

Site is served from branch gh-pages

$ git checkout gh-pages
$ git rebase origin/master

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developer_notes.md

developer_notes.md

RuuviTag Sensor Package Developer Notes

Getting started

Linting

Formatting

Project files

Update RuuviTag firmware and change modes

BlueZ commands used by RuuviTag package

Other useful commands

Example data from different firmwares and data formats

BLE Broadcast data from RuuviTags

BlueZ

Bleson

Application flow

Executing Unit Tests

Exeuting Verification Test

Run long duration tests

Randomly create bad BLE broadcast data

Error cases

Release a new version

Build release

Test in testpypi

Release a new version

Update documentation

Files

developer_notes.md

Latest commit

History

developer_notes.md

File metadata and controls

RuuviTag Sensor Package Developer Notes

Getting started

Linting

Formatting

Project files

Update RuuviTag firmware and change modes

BlueZ commands used by RuuviTag package

Other useful commands

Example data from different firmwares and data formats

BLE Broadcast data from RuuviTags

BlueZ

Bleson

Application flow

Executing Unit Tests

Exeuting Verification Test

Run long duration tests

Randomly create bad BLE broadcast data

Error cases

Release a new version

Build release

Test in testpypi

Release a new version

Update documentation